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Django框架创建django-pg项目目录

[root@docker ~]# mkdir docker-compose-django[root@docker ~]# cd docker-compose-django/[root@docker docker-compose-django]# mkdir django-pg

在项目目录下创建docker-compose.yml文件该文件定义了两个服务，一个是名为db的Postgres数据库，另一个是名为web的Django应用程序

#进入django-pg根目录，配置docker-compose.yml,注意选项和参数之间的空格，不能用Tab键，只能用空格键#选项与选项之间有层级关系，注意对齐[root@docker ~]# cd docker-compose-django/django-pg[root@docker django-pg]# vim docker-compose.yml version: "3"services:  db:    image: postgres    environment:      - POSTGRES_DB=postgres      - POSTGRES_USER=postgres      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres    volumes:      - db_data:/var/lib/postgresql  web:   build: .   command: python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000   volumes:     - .:/code   ports:     - "8000:8000"   depends_on:     - dbvolumes:  db_data: {}  #在该目录下使用docker-compose config命令以此来检查配置文件参数是否有误，未报错即可[root@docker django-pg]# docker-compose configname: django-pgservices:  db:    environment:      POSTGRES_DB: postgres      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres      POSTGRES_USER: postgres    image: postgres    networks:      default: null    volumes:    - type: volume      source: db_data      target: /var/lib/postgresql      volume: {}  web:    build:      context: /root/docker-compose-django/django-pg      dockerfile: Dockerfile    command:    - python    - manage.py    - runserver    - 0.0.0.0:8000    depends_on:      db:        condition: service_started    networks:      default: null    ports:    - mode: ingress      target: 8000      published: "8000"      protocol: tcp    volumes:    - type: bind      source: /root/docker-compose-django/django-pg      target: /code      bind:        create_host_path: truenetworks:  default:    name: django-pg_defaultvolumes:  db_data:    name: django-pg_db_data

在项目目录下创建requirements.txt文件requirements.txt文件用于记录所有依赖包及其精确的版本号，隶属于Python

#进入django-pg根目录，配置requirements.txt[root@docker ~]# cd docker-compose-django/django-pg[root@docker django-pg]# vim requirements.txt Django>=2.0,<3.0psycopg2>=2.7,<3.0

在项目目录下创建Dockerfile文件

#进入django-pg根目录，配置Dockerfile[root@docker ~]# cd docker-compose-django/django-pg[root@docker django-pg]# vim Dockerfile #从Python 3父镜像开始FROM python:3ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1#在镜像中添加code项目RUN mkdir /codeWORKDIR /codeCOPY requirements.txt /code/#在镜像中安装由requirements.txt文件指定要安装的Python依赖RUN pip install -r requirements.txtCOPY . /code/

在项目目录下创建Django项目，构建上下文

#进入django-pg根目录，执行docker-compose run命令[root@docker ~]# cd docker-compose-django/django-pg[root@docker django-pg]# docker-compose run web django-admin startproject myexample ......（过程略）#此时会去拉取镜像进行构建

查看服务列表

[root@docker django-pg]# docker-compose psNAME                COMMAND                  SERVICE             STATUS              PORTSdjango-pg-db-1      "docker-entrypoint.s…"   db                  running             5432/tcp#状态为runnning，端口5432开放即可

设置Django数据库连接以下配置参数是由docker-compose.yml文件所指定的postgres镜像所决定

#执行完docker-conmpose构建后在目录下会生成两个文件[root@docker django-pg]# ls -ltotal 16-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 385 Jun  5 10:16 docker-compose.yml-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 152 May 30 14:22 Dockerfile-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 629 Jun  5 10:32 manage.pydrwxr-xr-x 3 root root  93 Jun  5 10:57 myexample-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  36 May 30 14:14 requirements.txt#编辑myexample/settings.py文件，修改‘DATABASES’选项参数和‘ALLOWED_HOSTS’选项参数[root@docker django-pg]# vim myexample/settings.py DATABASES = {    "default": {        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.postgresql",        "NAME": "postgres",        "USER": "postgres",        "PASSWORD": "postgres",        "HOST": "db",        "PORT": 5432,    }}ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["192.168.88.101"]#这里设置为你自己主机的IP，要用双引号引起来

启动Django应用程序

#在django-pg根目录下执行docker-compose up命令[root@docker django-pg]# docker-compose up[+] Running 2/0 ⠿ Container django-pg-db-1   Created                                                                0.0s ⠿ Container django-pg-web-1  Created                                                                0.0sAttaching to django-pg-db-1, django-pg-web-1django-pg-db-1   | django-pg-db-1   | PostgreSQL Database directory appears to contain a database; Skipping initializationdjango-pg-db-1   | django-pg-db-1   | 2023-06-05 03:34:41.145 UTC [1] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 15.3 (Debian 15.3-1.pgdg110+1) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 10.2.1-6) 10.2.1 20210110, 64-bitdjango-pg-db-1   | 2023-06-05 03:34:41.146 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432django-pg-db-1   | 2023-06-05 03:34:41.146 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432django-pg-db-1   | 2023-06-05 03:34:41.148 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"django-pg-db-1   | 2023-06-05 03:34:41.152 UTC [28] LOG:  database system was shut down at 2023-06-05 02:59:33 UTCdjango-pg-db-1   | 2023-06-05 03:34:41.155 UTC [1] LOG:  database system is ready to accept connectionsdjango-pg-web-1  | Watching for file changes with StatReloaderdjango-pg-web-1  | Performing system checks...django-pg-web-1  | django-pg-web-1  | System check identified no issues (0 silenced).django-pg-web-1  | django-pg-web-1  | You have 17 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.django-pg-web-1  | Run "python manage.py migrate" to apply them.django-pg-web-1  | June 05, 2023 - 03:34:42django-pg-web-1  | Django version 2.2.28, using settings "myexample.settings"django-pg-web-1  | Starting development server at http://0.0.0.0:8000/django-pg-web-1  | Quit the server with CONTROL-C.#注意这里不要ctrl C掐掉服务进程了，直接去浏览器访问

再次查看服务列表

#另启一个终端查看服务，#进入django-pg根目录[root@docker ~]# cd docker-compose-django/django-pg[root@docker django-pg]# docker-compose psNAME                COMMAND                  SERVICE             STATUS              PORTSdjango-pg-db-1      "docker-entrypoint.s…"   db                  running             5432/tcpdjango-pg-web-1     "python manage.py ru…"   web                 running             0.0.0.0:8000->8000/tcp, :::8000->8000/tcp#8000端口已映射，状态running

web访问Django主页

http://192.168.88.101:8000

注意这里的IP是"ALLOWED_HOSTS‘参数设置的本机IP

关闭并清理服务

#先ctrl c掐掉进程，然后删除服务与其对应的卷，最后删除项目目录即可[root@docker django-pg]# docker-compose down --volumes

关于Docker容器运行Django框架时的问题

1，docker-compose.yml文件中关于db的部分配置应是这样：db:    image: postgres    environment:      - POSTGRES_DB=postgres      - POSTGRES_USER=postgres      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres    volumes:      - db_data:/var/lib/postgresql上述需设置环境，指定用户名，密码和数据库，这是为了解决django-pg-db-1容器无法正常运行，启动自动退出的问题2，与此对应的myexample/settings.py文件中DATABASES配置应如下：DATABASES = {    "default": {        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.postgresql",        "NAME": "postgres",        "USER": "postgres",        "PASSWORD": "postgres",        "HOST": "db",        "PORT": 5432,    }}3，值得注意的一点，在myexample/settings.py文件中需设置网页访问地址IP参数否则浏览器无法正常访问django页面：ALLOWED_HOSTS = []#这个选项中括号里面填入Docker主机IP即可，注意要用双引号引起来